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Writer

Na Do-hyang(나도향)

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Title
Na Do-hyang
Family Name
Na
First Name
Do-hyang
Preferred Name
-
Pen Name
Na Tohyang, На То-хянг, Na Do-hyang
ISNI
0000000083760910
Birth
1902
Death
1926
Occupation
Novelist
Period
Modern
Representative Works
-
  • Descriptions
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  • Korean(한국어)

Na Do-hyang (30 March 1902 – 26 August 1927) was a Korean writer. 


Life

Na Do-hyang was born Na Kyung-son in 1902. He wrote under the pen name Na Bin. After graduating from Baejae Normal High School, he was admitted to Kyeongseong Medical School but dropped out and went to Tokyo, Japan, to study literature.

Upon his return to Korea in 1919 he taught at an elementary school in Andong for one year. He began his literary career in 1921, publishing the short story "Chulhyang" (출향 Leaving Home) in his school paper, the Baejaehakbo, followed by "Chueok"(추억 Memory) in the magazine Sinmingongnon. 

In 1922, as a member of the literary coterie magazine Baekjo, he published his short story "Jeolmeuniui sijeol" (젊은이의 시절 Season of Youth) in its first edition. In 1925, with the publication of his artistically mature pieces like "Mullaebanga" (물레방아 The Water Mill), "Ppong" (뽕 Mulberry), and "Beongeori samnyongi" (벙어리 삼룡이 Samnyong the Mute, he received much attention as a writer. He died on August 26, 1927. His full-length novel, Eomeoni (어머니 Mother), was published posthumously in 1939.  


Writing

In Na Do-hyang's early years, his writings reflected an emotional and artistic world, but his later works like “The Water Mill” were much more realistic and used short story elements. He is considered to be a representative author of Korea under Japanese colonial rule, for he clearly depicted the dark realities of that time.  

Na's early works reveal romantic inclinations characteristic of an author who has yet to acquire a mature perspective. "Jeolmeuniui sijeol," his debut story, and "Byeoreul angeodeun uljina malgeol" (별을 안거든 울지나 말걸 Do Not Cry Should You Embrace a Star) are full of emotional, dreamy sentimentalism, and have often been criticized for overabundance of modifiers. 

With the publication of "Yeo-ibalsa" (여이발사The Lady Barber), however, Na began to move away from the romantic vision to acquire a more objective perspective and realistic voice. Other examples from this period include "Haengnang Jasik" (행랑 자식 The Drudge) and "Jagireul chatgi jeon" (자기를 찾기 전 Before She Found Herself), in which he describes a woman who overcomes difficulties by the strength of her will. His works depict Korean farm villages and people, and life during the 1920s. 

“Samryong the Mute,” one of his best-known works, gives a tragic account of an ugly, mute servant who falls in love with his beautiful, kind-hearted mistress. The servant’s ill-fated love is akin to man’s admiration and longing for ultimate beauty which cannot be attained. A naturalist as well as realist fiction in essence, the story also displays the author’s growing awareness of the class issues and concern for those who belong to the lowest rung in the social strata.  

Though Na Do-hyang never embraced proletarian literature movement, he continued to explore the grim reality of the abject poor in “Mulberry,” a story of a woman who prostitutes herself to villagers in order to support herself. The theme receives a more pronounced treatment in "The Water Mill"; a tenant-farmer, whose wife is seduced by the landowner, ends up murdering his wife and committing suicide. Although love continues to be a dominant subject matter in Na Do-hyang’s later works, it does not remain a mere romantic vision, but becomes a tool for investigating brutality nascent in human beings as well as the sexual corruption caused by unjust society.


Usó el sobrenombre Na bin.2 Sus primeras obras son tristes y románticas: "La vida de un hombre joven" y "Alegría" (환희). Sin embargo sus obras cambiaron del romanticismo al realismo: "Hijo del cuarto de sirvientes" <행랑 자식> y "Antes de que ella se encuentre" (자기를 찾기 전), en la cual describe a un hombre que supera las dificultades gracias a su fuerza de voluntad.3 Sus trabajos describen los pobladores y la vida de las aldeas en los años veinte para dar cuenta de la sociedad y la realidad de su tiempo.


El Instituto de Traducción de Literatura de Corea analiza su obra de este modo:

Las primeras obras de Na Do-hyang revelan inclinaciones románticas características de un autor que aún no ha adquirido una perspectiva madura. "La vida de un hombre joven" (Jeolmeuniui sijeol), el relato con el que debutó, y "No llores cuando abraces a la estrella" (Byeoreul angeodeun uljina malgeol) están llenos de sentimentalismo y se los ha criticado a menudo por tener demasiados adjetivos. Con la publicación de "La mujer barbera" (Yeo-ibalsa, 1923), empezó a distanciarse de la visión romántica para adquirir una perspectiva más objetiva y realista. "Samryong el mudo" (Beongeori samnyongi), una de sus obras más conocidas, da una visión trágica de la vida de un sirviente mudo y feo que se enamora de su guapa y amable señora. El desafortunado amor del sirviente se asimila a la admiración del ser humano por la belleza absoluta e inalcanzable. Siendo un relato naturalista y realista en esencia, también muestra conocimiento de los problemas de clase y preocupación por aquellos en el escalón más bajo de la sociedad. Aunque nunca se unió al movimiento literario del proletariado, continuó explorando la desalentadora realidad de los miserables en "La morera", la historia de una mujer que se prostituye a los aldeanos para poder sobrevivir. El tema recibe un tratamiento más pronunciado en "El molino de agua" (Mullaebanga): un granjero arrendataria, cuya mujer es seducida por el terrateniente, termina asesinando a su mujer y cometiendo suicidio. Aunque el amor sigue siendo el tema dominante en sus trabajos posteriores, no es una visión meramente romántica, sino que es una herramienta para investigar ña brutalidad emergente en los seres humanos, además de la corrupción sexual causada por una sociedad injusta.4

 

Ses premiers récits, teintés de mélancolie, sont symbolisés par sa nouvelle L'allégresse (Hwanhi)2. Son travail a peu à peu évolué du romantisme vers le réalisme : Le fils du serviteur (Haengnang Jasik) et Avant qu'elle ne se retrouve (Jagireul chatgi jeon) sont des récits emblématiques de ce changement. Ses œuvres, typiques de l'époque, décrivent la vie de gens pauvres, le plus souvent des paysans, tout en prenant soin de rendre compte du contexte de la société dans laquelle ils s'inscrivent3.

L'Institut coréen de traduction littéraire (LTI of Korea) présente son œuvre de cette manière :

Les premiers travaux de Na Do-hyang révèlent chez lui une forte inclination vers le romantisme . Saison de la jeunesse (Jeolmeuni-ui shijeol), son premier récit, et Ne pleure pas s'il t'arrive de prendre une étoile dans tes bras (Byeoreul an-geodeun uljina malgeol) sont pleins d'émotion, portés sur le rêve et la sentimentalité ; ils furent critiqués à l'époque pour cette caractéristique. Avec la publication de La femme coiffeuse (Yeo-ibalsa, 1923), il s'éloigne de l'écriture romantique pour adopter un point de vue plus objectif et se rapprocher d'une écriture réaliste. Samnyong le muet (Beong-eori samnyong-i), une de ses œuvres les plus connues, est une histoire tragique qui met en scène un serviteur muet et laid qui tombe amoureux de sa belle maîtresse pleine de bienveillance ; cet amour du serviteur représente l'admiration et le désir de beauté ultime qui ne peut être que difficilement atteint par l'homme. À la fois naturaliste et réaliste, l'histoire montre également la prise de conscience de l'auteur sur les problèmes de classe et les soucis de ceux qui appartiennent à l'échelon le plus bas des couches sociales. Bien que Na Do-hyang n'ait jamais intégré réellement le mouvement de la littérature prolétarienne, il n'a cessé d'explorer la dure réalité des pauvres, notamment dans Le mûrier (Ppong), histoire d'une femme qui se prostitue avec les villageois afin de subvenir à ses besoins. Ce thème reçoit un traitement plus prononcé dans Le Moulin à eau (Mullebang-a) : un fermier, dont la femme se laisse séduire par leur propriétaire, finit par assassiner sa femme avant de se suicider. Bien que l'amour continue d'être un sujet dominant dans les œuvres ultérieures de Na Do-hyang, il ne se focalise pas uniquement sur des thèmes romantiques, mais se sert de la littérature comme de moyen d'investigation sur la brutalité native des êtres humains ainsi que sur les manipulations dues à la sexualité4.

 

Na To-hyang wurde am 30. März 1902 in Seoul unter dem Namen Na Kyŏng-son (나경손羅慶孫) geboren. Sein Künstlername lautet Na Pin (나빈羅彬). Sein Pseudonym ist Na To-yang. Er war das älteste von dreizehn Kindern. Auf Wunsch seines Vaters, eines Arztes, besuchte er die Medizinische Fachhochschule in Gyŏngsŏng (Seoul), wurde jedoch von der Hochschule verwiesen. Er wollte an der Waseda University in Japan studieren, musste jedoch aufgrund finanzieller Probleme nach Korea zurückkehren, wo er an einer Grundschule in Andong als Lehrer arbeitete und gleichzeitig mit dem Schreiben anfing. Sein literarisches Debüt hatte er 1921, als seine Kurzgeschichte Schulverweis (출학) in der Schulzeitschrift veröffentlicht wurde. 1922 war er an der Gründung der Literatur- und Kunstzeitschrift Weiße Woge (백조) beteiligt. Er starb am 26. August 1927 an einer Lungenentzündung.

Seine frühen Werke neigen zur Romantik, was charakteristisch ist für Autoren, die noch keine vollkommen ausgereifte Perspektive besitzen. Sie sind voller Emotionen, schreiben übermäßig gefühlsbetont und werden oft für ihre Fülle an Attributen kritisiert. Ab 1923 begann er sich jedoch von der romantischen Sicht der Dinge zu entfernen und erlangte eine objektivere Sicht der Dinge. Samryong, der Stumme, eines seiner berühmtesten Werke, handelt von einem hässlichen, stummen Knecht, der sich in seine schöne und gütige Herrin verliebt. Die unglückliche Liebe des Knechts ähnelt der unerreichbaren Sehnsucht der Menschen nach ultimativer Schönheit. In seinen späteren Werken bleibt Liebe zwar weiterhin ein dominierendes Thema, jedoch ist sie nun keine bloße romantische Vision mehr, sondern vielmehr ein Werkzeug um die aufkeimende Brutalität der Menschen und sexuelle Korruption zu untersuchen, deren Wurzeln nach Nas Meinung in der ungerechten Gesellschaft liegen. Aufgrund seines frühen Todes erreichte er nie wirklich volle Reife als Schriftsteller, aber seine Werke sind und bleiben ein wesentlicher und einflussreicher Teil der koreanischen Literatur.[3]

 

나도향(1902~1926)은 대한민국의 소설가다.  


생애

나도향은 1902년 서울에서 태어났다. 본명은 경손(慶孫), 호는 도향(稻香), 필명은 빈(彬)이다. 

배재고보를 졸업한 후 경성의전에 입학했으나 중퇴하고, 문학 수업을 위하여 일본 도쿄로 건너갔다. 그러나 조부가 학비를 보내지 않자, 되돌아와 1919년 안동에서 1년간 보통학교 교사 생활을 했다. 

1921년 《배재학보》에 〈출향〉을 발표하고, 뒤이어 《신민공론》에 단편 〈추억〉을 발표하면서 작품 활동을 시작했다. 1922년에는 박종화, 홍사용, 이상화, 현진건 등과 함께 문예지 《백조(白潮)》동인으로 참가하여, 창간호에 단편 〈젊은이의 시절〉을, 제2호에 〈별을 안거든 울지나 말걸〉을 발표했다. 또한 1923년 《동아일보》에 장편소설 《환희(幻戱)》를 연재하여 주목을 받았다. 1926년에 공부하려고 다시 일본에 갔으나, 건강이 좋지 않아 귀국했다. 

1926년 8월 26일 세상을 떠났다. 작가 사후에 장편 《어머니》(1939)가 출간되었다. 


작품 세계 

나도향은 등단 초기에는 감상적이고 환상적인 경향의 작품을 발표했으나, 이후에는 사소한 사건이라도 정밀하게 관찰하고 현실 사회의 문제를 비판적으로 조명하는 작품들을 발표했다.  

1923년에 잡지 《개벽》에 발표한 단편 〈17원 50전〉, 〈행랑자식〉, 그리고 동인으로 참여했던 잡지 《백조》에 발표한 단편 〈여이발사〉 등에서 작가는 가난한 사람들의 현실을 객관적으로 보여주는 사실주의적 경향을 드러내었다. 또한 1925년에 발표한 단편 〈물레방아〉, 〈뽕〉 등에서는 탐미적인 경향을 보여주었다. 그러나 작가의 작품 활동 기간이 6∼7년에 불과했기 때문에 작품 경향의 변화보다는 개별 작품의 특징을 통해 작가를 설명하는 것이 적절하다. 

1922년 11월 21일부터 1923년 3월 21일까지 《동아일보》에 연재한 장편소설 《환희(幻戱)》(1923)는 두 여성인물을 둘러싼 애정의 삼각관계로 구성되어 있다. 작가는 인물들의 갈등과 죽음으로 이어지는 비극적인 사건, 축첩이 여전히 유행했던 사회와 미신적 종교관에 대한 비판을 작품의 주요한 축으로 삼아 작품을 전개한다. 또한 죽음에 대한 낭만적인 인식이 특징인 작품이다. 

작가의 사후에 출간된 장편소설 《어머니》(1939)는 사회적 신분으로 인해 차별받고 소외당하는 여주인공이 자신의 행복을 찾아가는 모습을 작품의 주제로 삼았다. 작가는 주인공이 아이를 버리고 가출하는 등 일련의 사건을 통해 현실을 극복하려는 시도와 모색을 여성 서사로 보여준다. 또한 첩이라는 이유로 사회적으로 폄훼되고 비난받고 배제당한 인물을 주인공으로 삼아 당대 사회를 비판하고 여성의 사회적 지위에 대해 문제를 제기한다. 


주요 작품

1) 소설 

〈젊은이의 시절〉, 《백조》, 1922.1.

〈별을 안거든 울지나 말걸〉, 《백조》, 1922.2.

〈옛날의 꿈은 창백하더이다〉, 《개벽》, 1922.12. 

〈17원 50전〉, 《개벽》, 1923.1

〈은화〉, 《동명》, 1923.1.

〈춘성(春星)〉, 《개벽》, 1923.7.

〈여이발사〉, 《백조》, 1923.9.

〈행랑자식〉, 《개벽》, 1923.10. 

〈자기를 찾기 전〉, 《개벽》, 1924.3

〈전차 차장의 일기 몇 절〉, 《개벽》, 1924.12.

〈물레방아〉, 《조선문단》, 1925.9.

〈뽕〉, 《개벽》, 1925.12.

〈벙어리 삼룡〉, 《문예평론》, 1927.8. 


2) 장편소설 

《환희(幻戱)》, 조선도서주식회사, 1923.

《어머니》, 박문서관, 1939.


Original Works17 See More

Translated Books20 See More

E-books & Audiobooks4 See More

  • English(English) E-books
    The Water Mill
    Na Do-hyang et al / 나도향 / 2013 / KDC구분 > literature > Korean Literature > Korean Fiction > 20th century > Short Story
  • English(English) E-books
    Mulberry
    Na Do-hyang et al / 나도향 / 2014 / KDC구분 > literature > Korean Literature > Korean Fiction > 20th century > 1910-1945
  • English(English) E-books
    The Downfall of Ji Hyeong-geun
    Na Do-hyang et al / 나도향 / 2014 / KDC구분 > literature > Korean Literature > Korean Fiction > 20th century > 1910-1945